ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਨੂੰ ਅਸੈਮਬਲ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਵੇ/ਅਸੈਮਬਲੀ

ਹੁਣ ਜਦੋਂ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਸਾਰੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਇੱਕਠੇ ਕਰ ਲਏ ਹਨ, ਇਸਤੋ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜੋੜਨਾ ਹੈ;

ਸੰਦ

ਫਿਲਿਪਸ ਸਿਰੇ ਵਾਲੇ ਪੇਚ, ਜੋ ਕੀ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਅਸੈਮਬਲ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਪੇਚਕਸ ਤੋ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਹੋਰ ਸੰਦਾਂ ਦੀ ਜਰੂਰਤ ਨਹੀ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਜੇ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਇਹ ਥੱਲੇ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਦਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਇਕੱਠਾ ਕਰ ਲਵੋਂਗੇ ਤਾਂ, ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਦੇ ਪੁਰਜਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਜੋੜਨਾ ਸੌਖਾ ਹੋ ਜਾਵੇਗਾ।

ਆਮ ਸੰਦ

ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਨੂੰ ਅਸੈਮਬਲ ਕਰਨ ਤੋ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ, ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ ਇਹ ਆਮ ਸੰਦ ਹੋਣੇ ਚਾਹੀਦੇ ਹਨ:

1. #2 ਫਿਲਿਪਸ ਸਿਰੇ ਵਾਲੇ ਪੇਚਕਸ
2. ਸੂਈ-ਨੱਕ ਵਾਲੇ ਪਲਾਸ
3. ਐਂਟੀ-ਸਟੈਟਿਕ ਗੁੱਟ ਤਣੀ
4. ਇੱਕ ਸਾਫ਼ ਕੀਤੀ ਹੋਈ ਜਗਾਹ

ਇੱਕ ਐਂਟੀ-ਸਟੈਟਿਕ ਗੁੱਟ ਤਣੀ, ਜੋ ਕਿ ਰਗੜ ਤੋਂ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਤੋਂ ਬਚਨ ਲਈ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ।

ਚੋਣਵੀ, ਪਰ ਫਾਇਦੇਮੰਦ ਸੰਦ

ਕੁਝ ਹੋਰ ਸੰਦ, ਜੋ ਬਹੁਤੇ ਜਰੂਰੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਨ:

1. ਸਪਰਿੰਗ ਅੈਕਸਨ ਪਾਰਟ ਗ੍ਰੈਬਰ.
2. ਬਿਜਲੀ ਵਾਲੀ ਟੇਪ
3. ਵਾਇਰ ਜਾ ਨਾਈਲੋਨ ਸਬੰਧ
4. ਫਲੈਸ਼ਲਾਇਟ
5. ਇੱਕ ਹੋਰ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਤਾਂ ਕਿ ਉਸਦੇ ਜੁੜੇ ਹੋਏ ਪੁਰਜਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੇਖ ਕੇ ਕੁਝ ਮਦਦ ਲੀਤੀ ਜਾ ਸਕੇ।
6. ਇੱਕ ਵੈਕੁਮ ਕਲੀਨਰ, ਜੋ ਕੀ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਵਾਲੇ ਪੁਰਜਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਫ਼ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਬਣਿਆ ਹੋਵੇ।
7. ਚੁੰਬਕੀ ਪੇਚਕਸ
8. ਕੇਬਲ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਨ ਲਈ ਜ਼ਿੱਪ ਸਬੰਧ ਜਾ ਵੈਲਕਰਰੋਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਸਬੰਧ

ਤਿਆਰੀ

ਇੱਕ ਚੰਗੀ ਤਿਆਰੀ ਇੱਕ ਵਧੀਆ ਅਸੈਮਬਲ ਲਈ ਜਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ. ਇਸਤੋ ਤੋਂ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ, ਧਿਆਨ ਰੱਖੋ ਕੀ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ ਸਾਰੇ ਜਰੂਰੀ ਸੰਦ ਹਨ, ਫਿਰ ਆਪਨੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਮਾਨ ਨੂੰ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਡੱਬਿਆਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਕੱਢ ਕੇ ਇਕ ਜਗਾਹ ਤੇ ਰੱਖ ਲਵੋ, ਅਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਵਾਰ ਧਿਆਨ ਨਾਲ ਨਜਰ ਮਾਰੋ ਕੀ ਸਾਰਾ ਸਮਾਨ ਇੱਕਠਾ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਨਹੀ. ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਦੇ ਹਿਸਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਿਲਕੁਲ ਨੰਗਾ ਕਰਕੇ ਨਾ ਰੱਖੋ, ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਾਲ ਆਏ ਰਗੜ ਤੋ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਤੋ ਬਚਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਲਿਫਾਫੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਰੱਖੋ. ਯਾਦ ਰਖੋ ਕਿ ਰਗੜ ਨਾਲ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਈ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਸਮਾਨ ਨੂੰ ਖਰਾਬ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ. ਫਿਰ ਸਾਰੇ ਹਿਸਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਗਾਇਡਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਇਕੱਠਾ ਕਰ ਲਵੋ. ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਤੇ ਹਿਸਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਜੋੜਨ ਤੋ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਗਾਇਡਾਂ ਜਰੂਰ ਪੜ ਲਵੋ ਤਾਂ ਜੋ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਬਣਤਰ ਦੀ ਕੁਝ ਆਮ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਮਿਲ ਸਕੇ. ਇਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪੜਨ ਨਾਲ ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਸਮਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਬਰਬਾਦ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ ਪਰ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਆਪਨੇ ਖਰੀਦੇ ਹੋਏ ਸਮਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਖਰਾਬ ਹੋਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਚਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ. ਨਿੱਕੀ ਜਿਹੀ ਗ਼ਲਤੀ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਦੇ ਹਿਸਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਖਰਾਬ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ ਕਿਓਂਕਿ ਇਸਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਹੀ ਨਾਜ਼ੁਕ ਅਤੇ ਕਮਜੋਰ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ. ਇਸ ਲਈ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਪੁਰਜੇ ਨੂੰ ਹੱਥ ਲਗਾਉਣ ਤੋ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ ਉਸਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਆਈ ਗਾਇਡ ਨੂੰ ਪੜਨ ਤੋਂ ਨਾ ਝਿਜਕੋ.

ਆਪਨੇ ਕੰਮ ਨੂੰ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਇਕ ਸਾਫ਼ ਕੀਤੀ ਹੋਈ ਅਤੇ ਸੁੱਕੀ ਜਗਾਹ ਦੀ ਤਲਾਸ਼ ਕਰੋ. ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ ਰੌਸ਼ਨੀ ਦੀ ਸੁਵਿਧਾ ਹੋਣੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਜੇ ਸੰਭਬ ਹੋਵੇ ਤਾਂ, ਇਜੀਹੀ ਥਾਂ ਲੱਭੋ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਫ਼ਰਸ਼ ਦੇ ਉੱਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਤੱਪੜ ਵਿਸ਼ਿਆ ਹੋਵੇ ਜੋ ਕੀ ਰਗੜ ਨਾਲ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਜਿਸਨੂੰ ਸਟੈਟਿਕ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਵੀ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਨੂੰ ਘੱਟ ਉਤਸਰਜਿਤ ਕਰੇਗਾ. ਇੱਕ ਸਾਫ਼ ਜਗਾਹ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਨੂੰ ਅਸੈਮਬਲ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਵਧੀਆ ਹੈ.

ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ ਸਾਵਧਾਨੀਆਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ ਦੇ ਲਈ ਬਹੁਤ ਜਰੂਰੀ ਹਨ. ਕਿਰਪਾ ਕਰਕੇ ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ ਸਾਵਧਾਨੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਧਿਆਨ ਨਾਲ ਪੜੋ।

ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ ਸਾਵਧਾਨੀਆਂ

1. ਸਟੈਟਿਕ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਇਕੱਠੇ ਕੀਤੇ ਹੋਏ ਸਮਾਨ ਲਈ ਸਭ ਤੋ ਵੱਡਾ ਖਤਰਾ ਹੈ, ਇਹ ਬਣੇ ਹੋਏ ਬਿਜਲਈ ਸਰਕਟਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਮਿਟਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਕੀ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਵਾਲ ਤੋਂ ਵੀ ਛੋਟੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਹਨਾਂ ਸਰਕਟਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਸੀਪੀਯੂ, ਰੈਮ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਚਿੱਪਾਂ ਉਸਰੀਆਂ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਲਈ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਦੇ ਹਿਸਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਹੱਥ ਲਗਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲ ਇੱਕ ਐਂਟੀ-ਸਟੈਟਿਕ ਗੁੱਟ ਤਣੀ ਹੋਣੀ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ। ਇੱਕ ਵਾਰੀ ਜਦੋਂ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪਾਵਰ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਕੇਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਗਾ ਦਿਤੀ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ ਐਂਟੀ-ਸਟੈਟਿਕ ਗੁੱਟ ਤਣੀ ਦਾ ਕਲਿਪ ਜੋ ਕੀ ਉਸਦੇ ਸਿਰੇ ਉੱਤੇ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਪਾਵਰ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਨਾਲ ਲਗਾ ਦੇਵੋ. (ਆਪਨੇ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਨੂੰ ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਨਾ ਕਰੋ ਜਦੋ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਨਾਲ ਐਂਟੀ-ਸਟੈਟਿਕ ਗੁੱਟ ਤਣੀ ਜੁੜੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹੋ)। ਹੁਣ ਤੁਹਾਨੂ ਰਗੜ ਨਾਲ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੋਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਤੋਂ ਕੋਈ ਦਰ ਨਹੀ ਰਹੇਗਾ। ਇਸ ਲਈ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਅਸੈਮਬਲ ਕਰਨ ਤੋਂ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ ਇਹ ਗੱਲ ਧਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਰੂਰ ਰਖੋ।
2. ਜੇ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਸਟੈਟਿਕ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਨਾਲ ਆਪਣੇ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰੀ ਸਮਾਨ ਨੂੰ ਖਰਾਬ ਕਰ ਲੈਂਦੇ ਹੋ ਤਾਂ ਐਂਟੀ-ਸਟੈਟਿਕ ਗੁੱਟ ਤਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਚੈਕ ਕਰੋ . Make sure that you take the precautions in the previous paragraph to ground yourself from static electricity. (Note: if you really must work on a computer and have not got proper anti-static equipment, it is usually OK if you make sure that you do not move about much; are not wearing any static-prone clothing; handle components by the edges; and regularly (once a minute or so), touch a grounded object.). The case metal of your PC's power supply will usually be a suitable grounded object. As noted above, touch it every few minutes while you are working on your PC if you haven’t got a wrist strap.
3. Turn off your computer and switch off your Power Supply at the wall before installing or removing any components - if power is flowing to components as they are installed or removed, they can be seriously damaged. In order to have a computer properly grounded, you need it plugged in at the wall but turned off at the power supply and at the wall. The neutral line may be earthed
4. Never cut the grounding pin off your power cord. This "safety ground" stands between you and potentially lethal voltages inside the power supply.
5. Be wary of sharp edges! Many lower-end PC cases have sharp, unfinished edges. This is especially so on interior surfaces, and where the case has been cut or punched-out. Use care and take your time to avoid cutting your hands. If your case has this problem, a little time with some sandpaper before you begin construction can spare you a lot of pain. Be extra careful not to cut yourself when installing the I/O Shield.
6. Dismantling discrete electronic components such as your Power Supply or Monitor is dangerous. They contain high voltage capacitors, which can cause a severe electric shock if you touch them. These hold a charge even when the unit is not plugged in and are capable of delivering a fatal shock.

ਉਸਾਰੀ

ਮਦਰਬੋਰਡ ਦੇ ਡੱਬੇ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਚੁਣੀ ਹੋਈ ਜਗਾਹ ਤੇ ਖੋਲੋ, ਧਿਆਨ ਰੱਖੋ ਕਿ ਡੱਬੇ ਦਾ ਮੂੰਹ ਉੱਪਰਲੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਹੋਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ।

ਮਦਰਬੋਰਡ

Find the ਮਦਰਬੋਰਡ standoffs (spacers) that should have come with the case. They are screws, usually brass, with large hexagonal heads that are tapped so you can fasten screws into the top. These hold the motherboard up off the case preventing a short-circuit. Set these aside.

I/O Panel Shield of an ATX Motherboard

Remove the I/O Shield from the back of the case where the ports on the back of the motherboard will fit, and put in the I/O Shield that came with your motherboard. There may be small metal tabs on the inside of this face plate, if so you may have to adjust them to accommodate the ports on the back of the motherboard.

Some case styles make it difficult to install the motherboard or the CPU with the power supply installed. If the power supply is in your way, take it out and set it aside (we'll put it back in later).

Now locate the screw holes on your motherboard and find the corresponding holes on the motherboard plate (or tray) in the case. Put a standoff in each of these holes on the tray and position the motherboard so that you can see the holes in the top of the standoffs through the screw holes in the motherboard.

Now is the time to make sure the ports on the motherboard are mating with the backplate you just installed, and make any necessary adjustments. The small metal tabs are intended to make contact with the metal parts of the connections on the back of the motherboard and ground them, but you may have to bend these tabs a bit to get the ports all properly mounted, this is where those needle-nose pliers may come in handy.

If you have trouble lining up the screw holes, double check that you have the standoffs in the proper holes on the tray. With lower quality cases there are sometimes alignment problems and you may have to forgo one or two screws. If this is the case, make sure you remove the corresponding standoffs. Some combinations of motherboards and cases may also use different types of screws in different places or provide non-matching screw holes that cannot be used in a specific case. The motherboard can possibly be damaged if you try to push it into position with the wrong set of standoffs underneath or when trying to use the wrong set of screw holes.

Now fasten a screw through each of the motherboard screw holes into the standoffs underneath. These screws should be snug but not tight, there is no reason to torque down on them, hand tight is fine, otherwise you can damage the motherboard.

Once the motherboard is installed, it is time to plug the other components.

ਸੀਪੀਯੂ

An example of a CPU socket, LGA1150. This is the current processors for consumer Haswell desktop CPU's and some Xeons.

LGA2011 socket. These processors are used by i7 Extreme and most Xeons. Note that LGA 2011 CPU's are not comparable with its successor(LGA 2011-3) even though they look similar and have the same number of pins.

Installing the CPU, and the CPU’s heat-sink and fan, are by far the most difficult steps you’ll have to complete during your build. Here, more than anywhere else, it will pay to read the instructions carefully, look at the parts, study the diagrams that came with your CPU and/or third party cooling solution, and make sure you thoroughly understand what you are going to do before you try to do it. During the process, if anything does not seem to fit or make sense, put the parts down and look things over carefully before you proceed. Some operations, especially installing the heat-sink/fan combination, can require pretty firm pressure, so don’t be afraid to push a little harder if you’re sure everything is set up correctly.

The details of the installation process differ in slight but important ways for each manufacturer’s processors, and even within a manufacturer's product line. Therefore, for these details, you should rely on the instructions that are provided with the CPU.

The two things that go wrong the most often and most expensively (minimum of a killed CPU, sometimes more) in building one's own computer are both related to the CPU and its cooler:

1. Switching the computer on "just to see if it works" before adding any CPU cooling unit. Without cooling, CPUs heat up at extreme rates (a CPU heats up anywhere between ten times and a thousand times as fast as a cooking area on your stove!) By the time you see the first display on the screen, your CPU will already be severely overheating and might be damaged beyond repair.
2. Mounting the CPU cooler improperly. Read the instructions that came with your CPU and cooler very carefully and ensure you are using all components in the correct order and correct place.

If you buy a third party cooling solution for your CPU make sure you get one that is compatible with the CPU you have. "Compatibility" here just means, "Can you fit it in next to your RAM or whatever else is sticking up in the neighborhood." Most brands come with multiple mounting brackets that will suit many different chipsets, but it is best to check for compatibility just in case.

After the CPU is installed in the socket and secured in place, it's time to add thermal paste and then install the cooler. The plain metal back of the CPU, which is what you're now seeing, is exactly matched by the bottom plate of the cooler. You add thermal paste only on the CPU, never on the cooler's surface. Very little is needed. The two flat metallic surfaces will spread the paste between them, and it will spread a bit more when it becomes hot. (The cooler surface may have a protective piece of film over it; don't forget to remove it. But see below for the possibility of "thermal pad" being supplied, instead of paste. This is rare nowadays, but read the instructions.) A pea-sized dot is the amount usually advised, though some people make a thin "X" on the CPU surface, and some draw a line. (There are numerous videos on Youtube advocating one or another, some with photos using glass plates.) Don't overdo—you don't want paste squeezing out the edges. Some people suggest spreading paste over the whole surface, then cleaning it off with a razor blade, then adding the pea. The idea is to close invisible imperfections in the metal. This is probably overkill, and involves extra handling of the CPU, never a good idea. Try not to touch the mating surfaces of the CPU and cooler—the oils from your skin will impede heat transfer. You should receive a tube or applicator of thermal paste in the CPU or cooler package. If you didn't, it's readily available, and in any event will come with instructions.

See Arctic Silver Instructions for more info on how to apply and remove thermal paste/grease. (It was written to be specifically for Arctic Silver paste, but the same techniques can be applied to other brands of thermal paste.)

If using a thermal pad supplied with your cooler, make sure you remove any protective tape from the die just before installing and do not get it dirty - and do not combine thermal pads with thermal paste, it is either one or the other. Then, check that you install the cooler in the right orientation and that you set it flat on the CPU die without exerting undue pressure on any edges or corners - the latter can make small pieces of the die break off, killing the CPU.

One option you may consider, before installing the heat-sink, is to "lap" the heat-sink, which means to smooth out the bottom surface. To do this, you will need a very flat surface; a piece of thick window glass will work. Fasten your sandpaper on the flat surface, invert the heat-sink on the sandpaper and sand in small circles, applying minimum pressure. Check frequently and when you see a uniform pattern of scratches, switch to finer grained sandpaper (the numbers go up as the sandpaper is finer, so something such as 220 is coarse while 2000 will be very fine.) Remember that you are not trying to remove any material, just polish out surface irregularities. If you get it right, you should have a surface which feels completely smooth to the touch (but don’t touch it, the oil in your fingers can cause corrosion of the fresh surface) with a mirror finish. Some companies producing heat-sinks lap the surface themselves, so if the surface already looks like a perfect mirror, leave it alone. A lapped heat-sink is more effective as it will have better surface contact with the chip.

Tighten the cooler using only the specified holding devices - if you did everything right, they will fit. If they do not fit, check your setup - most likely something is wrong. After mounting the cooler, connect any power cables for the fan that is attached to the cooler.

As an aside to the instructions above, it has been my personal experience that fitting the CPU and heat sink is best done on a supportive surface (a telephone directory on a table in my case) prior to installation, to avoid excessive flexing of the motherboard.

A last note: if something goes wrong and the cooler has to be removed (like maybe you realize you didn't take the protective film off the cooler surface), the paste will have to be removed from the CPU for the restart. Don't panic! All it takes is a coffee filter (not paper towels or anything else that will leave fibers) and a little isopropyl alcohol (from the drugstore). Thermal paste removes easily with a little gentle rubbing. Work from the outside edge in.

If you've got the CPU and its cooler installed, and the motherboard in the case, you’re over the hump, there are just a few more easy pieces to go before that momentous first power-up.

ਮੈਮਰੀ ਸਲਾਟ

RAM module in a socket

Next, you will need to install your RAM (random access memory). Find the RAM slots on your motherboard; they will look something like the picture on your left. To install the RAM modules, first push on the levers (white plastic in the picture) on either side of the DIMM socket, so that they move to the sides. Do not force them, they should move fairly easily.

Put the RAM module in the socket. Line up the notch in the center of the module with the small bump in the center of the RAM socket, making sure to insert it the right way. Push down on the module until both levers move up into the notches on the sides of the module. There should be a small "snap" when the module is fully seated. Although this does require a fair bit of force, do not overdo it or you may break the RAM module.

Different types of RAM modules

Take a good look at your seated RAM, if one side seems to be higher than the other, odds are it is improperly seated - take it out and try again. As you handle the RAM, try not to touch the copper stripes you can see along the bottom edge, as doing so is the best way to damage the part.

Start adding RAM at the slot labeled "Bank 0" or "DIMM 1". If you do not have a stick in "Bank 0" or "DIMM 1" the system will think there is no RAM and will not boot.

On newer motherboards with 4 slots, you'll see alternating colours. For example, slot 1 is blue, slot 2 is black, slot 3 is blue, slot 4 is black.

If you were to put 1 gigabyte of RAM in your personal computer, it is best to use dual channel 512MBx2 sticks. Put the first 512MB stick in slot 1, and put the 2nd stick in slot 3 (the two slots that are blue) - leaving slot 2 empty. This will give you better performance, vs. putting 1GB in slot 1, or two 512MB sticks in slot 1 and 2.

ਪਾਵਰ ਸਪਲਾਈ

ਪਾਵਰ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਦੀ ਸਥਾਪਨਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਪੱਸ਼ਟ ਹੈ, ਜੇ ਇਹ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੇਸ ਨਾਲ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ ਤੋ ਹੀ ਪਾਈ ਹੋਈ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਜੇ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਮਦਰਬੋਰਡ ਲਗਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਉਤਾਰ ਲਿਆ ਸੀ, ਫਿਰ ਹੁਣ ਇਸਨੂੰ ਵਾਪਸ ਲਗਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਸਮਾਂ ਹੈ। ਆਮ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਕੇਸ ਦੇ ਸਿਖਰ' ਤੇ ਇਕ ਬਰੈਕਟ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਪਾਵਰ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਮਾਊਂਟ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਕੁਝ ਸਕ੍ਰਿਊ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਠੀਕ ਤਰਾਂ ਲਗਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਕੁਝ ਕੇਸ ਪਾਵਰ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਨੂੰ ਵੱਖਰੇ ਰੂਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਗਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਕੇਸ ਨਾਲ ਆਏ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ ਜਰੂਰ ਵੇਖੋ।

ਕੁਝ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਮੌਡਿਊਲਰ ਕੇਬਲ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਆਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਸਿਰਫ਼ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਹੀ ਇਸਤੇਮਾਲ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਵਰਤਣਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦੇ ਹੋ, ਹੁਣ ਇਹ ਪਤਾ ਲਗਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਵਧੀਆ ਸਮਾਂ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਕੀ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਲੱਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਗਾਓ। ਹੋਰ ਪਾਵਰ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਤਰਾਂ ਹਾਰਡਵਾਈਰਡ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਤਸੀਂ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਾਹਰ ਕੱਢਣਾ ਚਾਹੋਗੇ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਜ਼ਰੂਰਤ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ ਅਤੇ ਬਾਕੀ ਬਚੀਆਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਨਾਲ ਕੁਸ਼ਲਤਾ ਨਾਲ ਕੋਇਲ ਕਰੋ।

ਜੇ ਤੁਹਾਡੀ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਵਿੱਚ 115v ਜਾਂ 220v ਦੀ ਚੋਣ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਸਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ ਤਾਂ ਇਹ ਯਕੀਨੀ ਬਣਾਓ ਕਿ ਇਹ ਸਹੀ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਸੈੱਟ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ, ਇਹ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਹੈ। ਕਈ ਨਵੀਆਂ ਪਾਵਰ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਆਪ ਹੀ ਚੁਣ ਲੈਂਦੀਆਂ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਅਜਿਹੀ ਕੋਈ ਸਵਿੱਚ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦੀ।

ਇੱਕ ਵਾਰ ਜਦੋਂ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪਾਵਰ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰਦੇ ਹੋ ਤਾਂ ਯਕੀਨੀ ਬਣਾਓ ਕਿ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪਾਵਰ ਸਾਕਟਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਥਾਨ ਲਈ ਮਦਰਬੋਰਡ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼ ਦੀ ਧਿਆਨ ਨਾਲ ਜਾਂਚ ਕੀਤੀ ਹੈ ਜਾ ਨਹੀਂ। ਫਿਰ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਮੁੱਖ ਪਾਵਰ, 20 ਜਾਂ 24 ਪਿਨ ਪਲੱਗ ਨੂੰ ਮਦਰਬੋਰਡ ਵਿਚ ਜੋੜ ਸਕਦੇ ਹੋ। ਇੱਥੇ ਵਾਧੂ ਚਾਰ ਜਾਂ ਅੱਠ ਪਿੰਨ ਦੀ ਪਾਵਰ ਲੀਡ ਵੀ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਮਦਰਬੋਰਡ (ਸੀਪੀਯੂ ਪਾਵਰ ਕਨੈਕਟਰ) ਵਿੱਚ ਜੋੜਨ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਪ੍ਰੋਸੈਸਰ ਸਾਕਟ ਦੇ ਕੋਲ ਸਥਿਤ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ।

ਗ੍ਰਾਫਿਕ ਕਾਰਡ

Insert the card into a matching slot on the motherboard.

ਜੇ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਮਦਰਬੋਰਡ ਵਿੱਚ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਹੀ ਗ੍ਰਾਫਿਕ ਮੈਮਰੀ ਹਾਈ ਤਾਂ, ਇਸ ਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਛੱਡ ਦੇਵੋ।

If you have an AGP video card: Install the video card into the AGP socket. This is always the top expansion slot near the back of the computer. AGP slots are often brown, but can also be strange colours such as fluorescent green. Check the motherboard for levers (or similar devices) that are part of the AGP slot to help hold the card in place. These must be retracted before insertion of the card. Check the motherboard's manual for information on how to use these devices (if your motherboard has one.) Push the card into the socket (AGP slots are often pretty tight, do not be afraid to push it until it is well inserted), then screw it in at the top of the metal bracket. If it has a power connector, connect it to a 4-pin molex connector. If it has a pass through, do not connect it to a hard drive.

If you have a PCI Express video card, install it the same way as an AGP video card, however the slot where it goes looks a little different having an extra spot on the slot as opposed to the 2 slot parts on an AGP slot. PCI Express slots used for video cards are commonly 16x as opposed to AGP 8x.

When your card is properly installed the line formed by the top of the card will be exactly parallel to the motherboard, if one side seems to be higher than the other, chances are that it is not fully inserted, press a little harder on the high side or pull it out and try again.

ਡਰਾਈਵ ਜੰਮਪਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਇੰਸਟਾਲੇਸ਼ਨ

The drive jumpers are in the middle (between the connector for the cable and the power connector) but the location may vary.

If you are using SATA drives there is no need to adjust jumpers—you can skip this section.

Before you install IDE/ATA (PATA) drives, you will need to set the drives jumpers. Each IDE/ATA channel can handle two drives, a master and a slave. Consult your drive's instructions on how to set the jumpers. The jumper configurations are usually either printed on the back, or on the top of the drive. Drives can be configured in 2 ways: Drive Select or Cable Select.

A jumper

• "Cable select": Use this if you have 80-pin cables. Cable select automatically assigns slave/master based on the plug on the IDE cable the drive is plugged into. Put the jumper on CS.
• "Drive select": If you are using a 40 pin cable, you must use "drive select". Master/slave status is determined by the jumper. In this mode, configure the drive on the end connector as the master, and the drive connected to the middle connector as the slave. If the IDE channel has only one drive, check your motherboard documentation for the appropriate setting, which is usually master.

Note that Drive Select will always work, while Cable Select will only work if you have the proper cable.

ਡਰਾਇਵਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਇੰਸਟਾਲੇਸ਼ਨ

Next install the hard drive and optical drives.

How a drive is physically installed will depend on the case.

A Serial ATA connector

Floppy Disk Drive Cable

Most new drives are SATA (Serial ATA) which use simple, small cables for a data connection. The ends of the cables are L shaped, just look carefully at the cable ends and the connector on the drive and match them up. Only one drive can be connected to each SATA port on the motherboard. Some SATA drives have two different power ports - make sure you connect ONLY ONE of these ports to the power supply, connecting both can damage the drive.

Older drives have PATA (Parallel ATA) connections which use a flat ribbon (IDE) cable for data connection. When using an IDE cable, plug the two connectors that are closer together into the 2 drives, and the third to the controller or motherboard. The connector furthest from the board should be attached to the drive set as Master. Make sure the drive that you will install your OS on is the primary master. This is the master drive on the Primary IDE bus which is usually the IDE 40 pin port on the motherboard labeled “Primary” or “IDE 1”..

[[#ref_IDE connectors are often keyed, as to prevent inserting them backwards. It does not take much force to bypass this and possibly ruin your motherboard. Look carefully at the drive and the cable connection before you try to connect them. You should see a "missing" pin on the drive, and a corresponding blocked socket on the connector. If you break a pin on the drive, you will probably have a worthless drive.

Most parallel IDE cables have a colored stripe down one side. That colored stripe signifies "pin 1" - and usually will line up next to the molex power connection on your drive. Use this rule of thumb if your connectors are not keyed.|^]]

Next, plug a 4 pin molex power connector into each hard drive and optical drive. If you are installing the power connector to a SATA drive, some drives have the option of using either the SATA power connector (a flat about 1" wide connector) or the standard molex connector; use one or the other, not both. Connecting both can break your hard drive. For better data transfer, you can purchase heat-protected high-end data cables at your nearest electronics store.

If you install a floppy disk drive, the cable is very similar to the IDE cable, but with fewer wires, and a strange little twist in the middle. Floppy drives do not have master/slave configurations. The floppy disk connector is not usually keyed, making it all too easy to plug it in the wrong way! One wire in the IDE cable will be colored differently: this is pin 1. There is usually some indication on the floppy drive as to which side this is. The power plug for a floppy is 4 pins in a line, but rather smaller than the standard hard drive power connector. Plug the end of the cable with the twist into the floppy drive ("drive A:"). Plug the other end of the floppy ribbon cable into the motherboard. If you install a second floppy drives, plug the middle connector into "drive B:". The twist between drive A: (on the end) and drive B (in the middle) helps the computer distinguish between them.

ਹੋਰ ਕੁਨੈਕਸ਼ਨ

Some cables are attached to pins on a board (e.g. motherboard or extension card)

In order to turn the computer on, you will need to connect the power button and while you are at it, you might as well do the reset buttons and front panel lights as well.

There will be a set of pins, usually near the front edge of the motherboard to which you will attach the cables sometimes already connected to the front of the case, or if needed supplied with the motherboard. Most of the time the plugs will be labeled as the pins they will connect to in the motherboard, there they can be difficult to read since the print is very small or you may not be in the right orientation to do so. The documentation that came with your case and motherboard should tell where these connectors are.

^

In addition, you can connect any case-specific ports if they are supported by the motherboard. Many cases have front mounted USB, Firewire and/or sound ports.

Other connections of this type to remember can be power for the CPU fans, various temperature sensors and Wake-on-LAN cables (if the feature is supported) from the network card to the motherboard.

ਬਿਜਲੀ ਦੇਣ ਦੇ ਲਈ ਤਿਆਰੀ

Some people will put power to a system several times during assembly and for experienced builders this may serve some purpose. For first timers though, it’s best to assemble a minimal complete system before powering up. Minimal because that way there are comparatively few potential sources of trouble, complete so that you can test everything at once and because the fewer times you have to put power to an open machine, the better..

If you’ve been working along with us you should now have such a minimal system put together. Briefly this includes a case with a motherboard in it, a processor (and its cooling unit) and some RAM plugged into the motherboard, hard and floppy drives installed, and some kind of video available. If your motherboard has built-in video, you might want to use that for this first try, even if you are going to install a video card later.

For this test, you’ll want to have the computer open, so that you can see all of the fans, and you’ll need to connect a monitor and a keyboard and a mouse (OK, you don’t really need the mouse . . .)

Comparison of VGA, DVI and HDMI

Monitors will either have a VGA, DVI, or a new HDMI plug (see picture, as they are a lot less apparent than PS/2 / USB by comparison). Most monitors use VGA connectors, and so most graphics cards have VGA output. If you have one type of plug and the graphics card has another, you can easily buy an adapter. Some cards even come with one.

There are two standard connectors for mice and keyboards; PS/2 connectors and the more modern USB connectors. Plug the mouse and keyboard in the appropriate slot.

Note: If you intend to install an operating system from a boot CD or floppy, or modify BIOS settings you will need to use either a PS/2 keyboard, a USB to PS/2 converter, or a motherboard that supports USB devices. Otherwise your keyboard will not work until the operating system has loaded USB drivers.

Once you have this all set up, it’s time to double check, then triple check that you have made all the necessary connections and that you haven’t left any foreign objects (where’s that screwdriver?) in the case.

ਬਿਜਲੀ ਦੇਣ ਦਾ ਕਾਰਜ

Take a moment to check one more time that everything is as it should be. Make sure you've removed your wrist strap, turn on the monitor, then press the power button, and observe the inside of the open machine. (Do not touch any part of the inside of the machine while it is powered up – you will NOT die but your computer might.) The first thing to look for is that the CPU cooler fan spins up, if it does not, cut the power immediately. This fan should start up right away; something is wrong if it doesn’t and your CPU is in danger of overheating so stop now and troubleshoot.

ਨੋਟ: If you have a Gigabyte brand motherboard, the CPU fan may twitch and stop turning. Wait 10–15 seconds and it should start. If it does not, there is a problem and you should immediately cut power as stated above. Other fans such as case fans should turn on and spin.

If the CPU fan spins up, check that all the other fans that should be spinning – case fans and fans on the power supply and video card (if installed) are also spinning. Some of these fans may not spin up until a temperature threshold is passed, check your documentation if anything is not spinning.

If the fans spin, you can turn your attention to the monitor, what you are hoping to see is the motherboard’s splash-screen, usually featuring the manufacturer’s logo. If you see this, take a moment to bask in the glow, you’ve built a computer!

If this happy event does not occur, if smoke appears, or if the computer does not do anything, unplug the power cord immediately and check the steps above to make sure you have not missed anything. Give special attention to the cables and power connections. If the computer does appear to come on, but, you hear beeps, listen carefully to the beeps, turn the computer off, and refer to your motherboard's manual for the meaning of the beeps. Some boards have an optional diagnostic device, usually a collection of LEDs, which when properly plugged in will inform you of the nature of the problem. Instructions for installing this as well as the meaning of its display should be in the manual for the motherboard. If the computer turns on but the only thing that comes on is your power supply, turn it off. This probably means something is shorted, and leaving it on could damage the parts.

If all is well it is time to turn the computer off, and close it up. Then you may want to turn it on again and set certain options in the Computer's BIOS (usually by pressing 'F1' or 'Del' a few seconds after boot.) These options will be explained in the motherboard manual. In general, the default options are OK, but you may wish to set the computer's hardware clock to the correct time and date. The BIOS is also where you determine the default boot order of the system, typically Floppy, then CD-ROM, then Hard Disc.

If you want a further quick test, before you install an operating system, you may find a bootable CD-ROM such as Knoppix extremely useful.

ਵਧੀਕ ਹਾਰਡਵੇਅਰ ਅਤੇ ਪੈਰੀਫਿਰਲ

ਹੁਣ ਜਦੋਂ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਦੇ ਹਿਸਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਅਸੈਮਬਲ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਹੈ ਇਸਤੋ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਉਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਓਪੇਰਾਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਇੰਸਟਾਲ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਕੀ ਇਸ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਤੇ ਅਗਲੇ ਭਾਗ (ਸਾਫਟਵੇਅਰ) ਵਿੱਚ ਦੱਸਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। ਓਪੇਰਾਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਨੂੰ ਇੰਸਟਾਲ ਕਰਨ ਤੋਂ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ ਇਹ ਚੰਗਾ ਰਹੇਗਾ ਕਿ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਵਧੀਕ ਹਾਰਡਵੇਅਰ ਅਤੇ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਪੈਰੀਫਿਰਲਾਂ (ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਸਾਉਂਡ ਕਾਰਡ, ਮੌਡਮ, ਗ੍ਰਾਫਿਕ ਕਾਰਡ ਪ੍ਰਿੰਟਰ, ਜੁਆਏਸਟਿਕ, ਆਦਿ) ਨੂੰ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਨਾਲ ਨਾ ਜੋੜੋ। ਇਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਓਪੇਰਾਟਿੰਗ ਸਿਸਟਮ ਦੇ ਇੰਸਟਾਲ ਹੋਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਲਗਾਓ।